British Settler English Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

English Settler English - Essay Example There is that short period when each physical thing that spoke to 'home' is stuffed and fixed into containers, leaving one inclination perplexed. Significantly after one has set up one's new home, the sentiment of bewilderment doesn't stop. It is trailed by the way toward acclimating to one's new neighbors. There are new qualities and better approaches for carrying on to be comprehended and disguised. We become the outsider in this scene, and our neighbors may treat us with scorn. Maybe it is a result of the cruelty of the new condition, maybe it is on the grounds that they can't consider us to be a piece of themselves that they inconvenience us. At that point, think about the idea of possession and the act of acquiring. We may have been accustomed to intuition as far as 'mine' and 'yours'. Be that as it may, the qualification gets obscured. Also, what is mine turns into yours. Maybe sooner or later, we understand that the opposite doesn't occur. At long last, we need to turn to somewhat manipulative approaches to free ourselves of 'good neighbors.' We in the end understand that we may need to do some obtaining ourselves, and neighbor needs to go to neighbor's assistance. In the circumstances portrayed by Moodie, a portion of silliness is the thing that causes one hold a feeling of extent and even mental soundness. Improve even includes uneasiness.

A Super Calculator for 529 Superfunding

Financial Professional Content I've written before that grandparents and 529 plans were made for each other. Now we're seeing survey results suggesting that more grandparents are finally getting into the 529 game. Legg Mason's recent survey of grandparents found that only 10% of grandparents who saved used 529 plans for their own children's college education, but that 40% of grandparents now saving use 529 plans for their grandchildren's college education. A third of respondents with $200K+ in household income planned to pay about half of their grandchildren's expenses, compared with 6% of those with less than $100K household income. Fidelity Investments saw a 12% increase in contributions to its 529 plans from grandparents in the first four months of 2014 compared with the same period a year ago. And Fidelity's 2014 Grandparents and College Savings Study found that 35% of those grandparents intending to help cover college costs expected to contribute more than $50,000. Fifty-two percent of grandparents were familiar with 529 plans. When grandparents commit to 529 plans, their contributions tend to be large and often become an integral component of their estate planning. The 5-year election, which I wrote about last month, becomes a key planning strategy. Unfortunately, the 5-year election can be a bit confusing and complicated. And so I'm very happy to announce Savingforcollege.com's newest online toolï ¿ ½the 529 Superfunding Calculatorï ¿ ½that can help you guide your client in making the most effective use of the 5-year election. The 529 Superfunding Calculator spells out the accumulation benefits of superfunding as well as the potential estate tax and income tax savings. It takes into account the client's marital status and other non-529 gifts made during the year, and provides guidance on making maximum use of the gift-tax annual exclusion. It is a flexible tool that will answer many of the most-asked questions we receive from financial professionals. The 529 Superfunding Calculator is made available to our premium subscribers and to financial advisors working for firms that utilize our custom portals. Check with your broker-dealer home office if you are not sure if our custom 529 portal has been purchased. If you are a premium subscriber, you will see a demo of the tool on next week's quarterly webinar and you will have the opportunity to ask questions. The premium subscription can be purchased for only $19 for one month ($149 for a one-year subscription). Here are the many upgrades you have access to as a premium subscriber, and a lot more is on the way (so stay tuned). Financial Professional Content I've written before that grandparents and 529 plans were made for each other. Now we're seeing survey results suggesting that more grandparents are finally getting into the 529 game. Legg Mason's recent survey of grandparents found that only 10% of grandparents who saved used 529 plans for their own children's college education, but that 40% of grandparents now saving use 529 plans for their grandchildren's college education. A third of respondents with $200K+ in household income planned to pay about half of their grandchildren's expenses, compared with 6% of those with less than $100K household income. Fidelity Investments saw a 12% increase in contributions to its 529 plans from grandparents in the first four months of 2014 compared with the same period a year ago. And Fidelity's 2014 Grandparents and College Savings Study found that 35% of those grandparents intending to help cover college costs expected to contribute more than $50,000. Fifty-two percent of grandparents were familiar with 529 plans. When grandparents commit to 529 plans, their contributions tend to be large and often become an integral component of their estate planning. The 5-year election, which I wrote about last month, becomes a key planning strategy. Unfortunately, the 5-year election can be a bit confusing and complicated. And so I'm very happy to announce Savingforcollege.com's newest online toolï ¿ ½the 529 Superfunding Calculatorï ¿ ½that can help you guide your client in making the most effective use of the 5-year election. The 529 Superfunding Calculator spells out the accumulation benefits of superfunding as well as the potential estate tax and income tax savings. It takes into account the client's marital status and other non-529 gifts made during the year, and provides guidance on making maximum use of the gift-tax annual exclusion. It is a flexible tool that will answer many of the most-asked questions we receive from financial professionals. The 529 Superfunding Calculator is made available to our premium subscribers and to financial advisors working for firms that utilize our custom portals. Check with your broker-dealer home office if you are not sure if our custom 529 portal has been purchased. If you are a premium subscriber, you will see a demo of the tool on next week's quarterly webinar and you will have the opportunity to ask questions. The premium subscription can be purchased for only $19 for one month ($149 for a one-year subscription). Here are the many upgrades you have access to as a premium subscriber, and a lot more is on the way (so stay tuned).

My My Virtual Life Assignment - 10439 Words

MY VIRTUAL LIFE ASSIGNMENT Emily Jensen Community College of Aurora My Virtual Life Assignment For this assignment, I have organized my responses into a report based on the following periods of development: infancy and toddlerhood (birth to 30 months), early childhood (3 to 5 years), middle childhood (6-11 years), and adolescence (12-18 years). The last section of my paper includes my responses to the personal reflection questions. Infancy and Toddlerhood 8 Months 1. How does your baby’s eating, sleeping, and motor development compare to the typical developmental patterns? Describe your child’s behavior in each of these domains and refer to what might be expected at these ages. Support your response with evidence from the text or multimedia resources. Henry did not feed well initially and lost a little weight, but he eventually began to feed appropriately and he gained the weight back. He was hungry more often than most newborns, feeding every couple hours and he would occasionally become fussy and have diarrhea, but he was typically relaxed and content after meals. I chose to breastfed Henry, but also supplement with formula. My partner and I are going to begin introducing him to different baby foods. At first, Henry would sleep for about two hours at a time, which is typical for a newborn. According to the text, most newborns sleep for a few hours at a time, wake up to feed, and then sleep for a few more hours (Arnett, 2012). Although babies areShow MoreRelatedMy Virtual Child Is A Web Based Assignment On Raising A Child Based On Real Life Scenarios917 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"My Virtual Child† was a web based assignment on raising a child based on real life scenarios and answering questions that you are expected to answer as a real parent would. My assignment this time starts with Link being 9 years old. At 9 Link began to consume allot of food. Eating and snacking up to 9 times a day, I knew this was normal for his age. Most boys at 12 grow about 4 inches in height and put on 26 pounds every year once they begin puberty (Rogol, Roemmich, Clark, 2002). We did our bestRead MoreMy Long Term Educational And Professional Goals952 Words   |  4 PagesWhen beginning the psychology major, I was unsure of what my long term educational and professional goals were. Now that I am in my senior year, I am still not positive about my path overall path. However, I do have a plan that I feel will work perfect for me. I am reaching a time in my life where I will be financial stable, be married, have a partner to share responsibilities, and have the knowledge to be the best parent possible. I think it is important for one parent to be home before the childrenRead MoreQuality Management : A Broad Range Co mmunication Competencies Essay1249 Words   |  5 PagesQuality management encompasses a broad range communication competencies. All of my classes taken at Southwestern were completed online. This initially posed a great challenge for me and forced me out of my comfort zone. Each course required discussions, peer responses, and a papers due weekly. The required weekly discussions and papers helped me out tremendously. The feedback I received from my peers elevated my communication skills and helped me identify areas that needed improvement. QualityRead MoreMy School Should Be A Butterfly1083 Words   |  5 PagesMy school would be a butterfly because as a homeschooler my high school consisted of myself. I migrated the summer of my freshman year. During the first half of my sophomore year my classroom changed locations weekly because my family was staying with my grandparents and aunt. We would change houses to give my grandparents and aunt a break from having guest. We final ly found a cocoon to settle down in. My classroom was an office off the kitchen and living room. I sat in an office chair at a woodenRead MoreOnline Classroom Vs. Traditional Brick And Mortar Classroom904 Words   |  4 PagesThe first distinction between learning in an online classroom versus that of a traditional brick and mortar classroom is that of time. Students log into their virtual classroom at times of their choosing to learn and complete assignments. The virtual campus that we use has click functions that are set up like a regular classroom. These functions mimic interactions between course facilitators and students in traditional settings. V camp has an announcements section like a bulletin board on a campusRead MoreEssay and Academic Life1117 Words   |  5 PagesEx. 3 Analyzing short writing assignments. * Underline the key words. What do the following short assignments require? * How would you complete them? Example In what (ways) do porpoises (differ from) dolphins? ways: enumeration; differ from: contrast I would enumerate the differences between dolphins and porpoises 1. Explain how a caterpillar becomes a butterfly. 2. Discuss three major reasons that people who leave the security of their home culturesRead MoreTeam Leadership Theory And Practice1472 Words   |  6 PagesRunning head: Strengthening Others For Team Excellence 1 Strengthening Others For Team Excellence 6 Unit Three Assignment ? Strengthening Others For Team Excellence Michelle Kinyungu Kaplan University GM503-02: Leadership Theory and Practice II Dr. Lisa Bardill Moscaritolo April 27, 2016 Introduction The topics discussed by Northouse, Kouzes, and Posner are team leadership. Team leadership are work units that have are interdependent andRead MoreCmgt 575 Week 5929 Words   |  4 PagesUniversity of Phoenix CMGT - 575 Assignment from Sylabus: Prepare a 2-3 page narrative of your HR integaration project to explain you approach to the project’s sponsor, Hugh McCauley. Assignment Clarification from Questions amp; Comments Thread: This should be a personal narrative of your experience while working through the various stages of the assignment, using MS Project, comments, what would you have done differently, etc. ATTN: Hugh McCauley Service Request 004 for Riordian ManufacturingRead MoreCourse Review on The Era of Technological Evolution Essay993 Words   |  4 Pages(Mobile Phones) (Arvind, Richard Ann, 2005). One of the concepts which were focused is the fusion of IT in today’s life. The IT effect has affected almost every field and this statement is supported by Thomas Friedman in his book, World is Flat. Social collaboration has been the top hit of this time along with the virtual collaboration. Right from offices to Lunch rooms, virtual collaboration has reduced the distance between two places. IT has also led to the growth of telecommunication which hasRead MoreSelf-Assessment and Reflection of a Visual Learner1693 Words   |  7 Pagesthis paper, I take the reader through my search and the processes I went through as a visual learner to decide on my choice of instruction, online or traditional. I identify my strengths and highlight how I have used them in this course; uncover my weaknesses, and present strategies on what to adjust to accommodate them. I also analyze the sources of my preconceived notions about online learning, why they came about, how they affected me, how they relate to my learning style, what I have learned from

The Inhumane Treatment Of The Holocaust - 1714 Words

The Holocaust was one of the largest genocides in history. An estimated eleven million people were killed- six million of these people being Jewish. Not only were millions murdered, but hundreds of thousands who survived the concentration camps were forever scarred by the dehumanizing events that they saw, committed, and lived through. In the novel â€Å"Night† by Elie Wiesel, Wiesel recounts the spine-chillingly horrific events of the Holocaust that affected him first-hand, in an attempt to make the reality of the Holocaust clear and understandable to those who could not believe it. What was arguably one of the worst punishments the victims of the Holocaust faced, was how they were dehumanized within concentration camps. To dehumanize means to steal away the attributes that make one human, be it loyalty, faith, kindness, or even our love for one another and ourselves. The inhumane treatment of the Jews alongside millions of other victims by the Nazi’s was rooted from t he systematic dehumanization of these groups. Although the extent of the brutality cannot ever be fully understood by those uninvolved, Wiesel’s terrifying record of his involvement proves how the unlivable conditions in Auschwitz not only typically concluded with death, but on the way stole the Jews’ faith, forced them to turn on one another in an attempt at survival, and even tore apart the previously unbreakable bond between family members. Although an attachment to faith kept a sense of community betweenShow MoreRelated Holocaust Essay1014 Words   |  5 Pages Death and Humanity in the Holocaust nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Within the twentieth century, what event stands out to you as the most inhumane treatment of fellow humans. Without a doubt, most would agree that the Holocaust completely matches this sad frame of reference. The Holocaust in Germany was an unspeakable event in human history. In this terrible act, at its worst in Poland, was the direct cause of the deaths of 62.7% of the Jewish population in Europe (History 1). It is obvious thatRead MoreInhumane Treatment in Night971 Words   |  4 PagesThe resistance of the Holocaust has claimed worldwide fame at a certain point in history, but the evidence that the evil-doers themselves left crush everything that verifies the fantasy of the Holocaust. For an example, in Poland, the total Jewish population of over thirty-three hundred thousand suddenly plummeted to three hundred thousand. Ten percent of the population survived the Holocaust in Poland. Almost every country that the Nazis have conquered has the same percent of survival as PolandRead MoreThe Holocaust, By Robert Burns1121 Words   |  5 Pagesthought clearly. One that stands out to me is the Holocaust. 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The portrayal of memory hasRead MoreThe Lottery By Shirley Jackson Analysis1085 Words   |  5 PagesPublishing â€Å"The Lottery† in 1948, at the termination of World War II, Shirley Jackson uses prevalent cultural and historic cues throughout this story to insinuate a threatened, late 1940’s American society. References to the Holocaust were made by appeasing to this violent and sadistic tradition of stoning, in like manner the propelling of the stones reference the propelling of The Atomic Bomb. Consequently, the people of this village were forced to conform with the inability to observe humanityRead MoreNight By Elie Wiesel : Book Analysis708 Words   |  3 PagesLuba Frederick, a holocaust survivor, answered â€Å"To die was easy.†, when discussing the tragic and horrible events of the holocaust. In the Nazi concentration camps, life was miserable. Jews were oppressed by Nazi’s and forced to do their dirty work. Families, jobs, dreams, were nothing more than an illusion as cruel and inhumane treatment replaced them. People felt hopeless and looked to death as an option. Many were intrigued with the idea of death, since it was easier to give up rather than choosingRead MoreHitler Taking Control Of Germany. Thesis: Hitler Gained1543 Words   |  7 Pagesyou hear it, images of the Holocaust, gas chambers, the Nazi Party and World War II come to mind (Weaver). Nearly six million jews died between 1939-1945. But what was the holocaust? The holocaust took place between 1938 and 1945. It was the state-sponsored genocide of six million Jews, in addition to other discriminated minority groups such as homosexual, gypsies, and Poles. The holocaust was a defining experience in both Jewish and German history. Proceeding the holocaust, Adolf Hitler was appointedRead MoreThe Conce ntration Camps During The Holocaust1508 Words   |  7 PagesWWII, but even world history. The treatment that citizens like Jews had to experience still influence people nearly 70 years later, after the end of World War II in 1945. The establishment that began this process was known as the Nazi Regime. Their ideas lead by Adolf Hitler brainwashed millions of Germans to believe that the concentration camps were the right thing to establish . The operation of concentration camps during the Holocaust in WWII was the most inhumane event in world history because ofRead MoreHuman Rights And Its Effects On Society Essay1672 Words   |  7 Pageshistorical event of the Holocaust in Germany. Genocide in Germany The Holocaust is one of the most prominent events that is talked about when it comes to Human Rights. The Jewish community was targeted from hateful propaganda from the head of the government at the time. This resulted in millions of lives and families being uprooted from their homes. Many describe the Holocaust as being â€Å"systematic, bureaucratic, state-sponsored persecution† (Introduction to the Holocaust 2016). Since the historicalRead MoreMilgram s Experiments On Obedience By Ian Parker955 Words   |  4 Pagesarticle Obedience, Ian Parker critiques Milgram s experiment claiming that it had its faults; for example, his conclusions failed to prove his theory on the occurrence of the Holocaust (Parker 102). With his multiple sources, Parker validates his statements about the Holocaust, and as well as the unethical treatment Milgram s subjects received after the experiment, abandoning them with inner issues. Diana Baumrind, a fellow psychologist, assess the Milgram Ex periment in her article Review

Hunger Issues in Africa for Pregnant Ladies and New Mothers

Question: Write about theHunger Issues in Africa for Pregnant Ladies and New Mothers. Answer: Summary According to Gates (2014), the African continent has still been facing some major issues regarding the matters that pertain to the hunger and nutrition among the children and their mothers. The author states that the major issues in the food and nutrition of the pregnant ladies, the new mothers and the young children majorly focus on the quality of the food rather than the quantity of the given food materials. Response The articles that have been selected for the concerned discussion deal with the various plausible as well as possible remedies that might help he reader to develop a better understanding of the current scenario in the Africa. The authors of both the articles focus on the fact that the major issues that are being faced by the residents of the country deal with the quality of the food that is available to the concerned residents of the country. The authors argue that the residents of the continent do not have proper access to the quality food that they might be needing in order to deal with the various issues that are related to hunger and lack of proper food in the country. In his article, Gates (2018) states that there should be enough researches in the field of providing the concerned members of the society with the required quality of the food and also helping in making the same available to the masses in the country. The author suggests that the nutritional food should be made available to the pregnant ladies, the recent mothers and the younger children. This might lead to the prevention of the conditions of malnutrition that exist within the continent. On the other hand, according to an article on the use of technology to solve the issues of hunger, the concerned government might implement the various technological factors that might help in the distribution of the food among those residents of the continent who face a huge scarcity in the matters pertaining to the nutritional food that is available to them (Wario, 2018). The author of the article states that the concerned government must try and implement measures that might help to eradicate the aridity from the land which might help in fighting the issue raised by hunger and malnutrition. References Gates, B. (2018).Why Does Hunger Still Exist in Africa?.gatesnotes.com. Retrieved 13 April 2018, from https://www.gatesnotes.com/Development/Why-Does-Hunger-Still-Exist-Africas-Table-Day-One Wario, H. (2018).Kenya: Technology is Key to Ending Hunger.AllAfrica.com. Retrieved 13 April 2018, from https://allafrica.com/stories/201108110095.html

Nationalism Is a Modern Form of Consciousness free essay sample

What role(s) do you think that this form of consciousness play(s) in the identity of Caribbean people? Do you think that this modern form of consciousness contributes to the motivation of Caribbean people? ’ But before we talk about nationalism in the Caribbean we must take into consideration the history of the Caribbean in order to identify the role that this form of consciousness plays in the identity of Caribbean people. While growing up, I can vividly remember my primary school teacher, Mrs Khan, stating that â€Å"The Caribbean is a group of small islands encircled by the Caribbean Sea†. That same afternoon I asked my mother about the small islands makes up the Caribbean and how far are they from Trinidad. She told me that â€Å"The Caribbean is made up of countries such as Anguilla, Antigua amp; Barbuda, the Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, British Virgin Island (BVI), Cayman Islands, Dominica, Grenada, Jamaica, Montserrat, St Christopher amp; Nevis, St Lucia, St Vincent amp; the Grenadines and the republic of Trinidad and Tobago and that they share a common history. We will write a custom essay sample on Nationalism Is a Modern Form of Consciousness or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It is enriched with variety of cultures, religion and dialects, which were mixed and created new forms such French Patois; that’s why the Caribbean is comprises of such rich diversity. † This information encouraged me to dig deeper and find out more about nationalism and to my astonishment I realised that there are multiple perceptions on the theory of nationalism. These perceptions varied because of the overall modifications in life and the roles that different persons took on the idea of nationalism. Nationalism, a modern form of consciousness, emerged in the sixteenth century after the War of Rose in England (Greenfeld 1992: 3-87). This war resulted in the annihilation of the aristocracy creation a void at the top of the social pyramid which needed to be filled thus a new aristocracy. This new aristocracy was comprised of talented and educated individuals of the lower social strata. Although I had all these information the question still remained â€Å"What is nationalism and how it related to the Caribbean? Ernest Gellner (1964) stated that nationalism â€Å"invents nations where they do not exist even if it helps to have some pre-existing cultural traits. † He went on to say that the nation has become a sociological necessity for modern, industrial society. This form of modernisation eats away traditional society and its role relationships, uprooting and mobilising the peasants and swelling the cities. These urbanised peasants and workers who experience discrimination formed a new nation of their own and consequently, nationalism generates new nations. Now I’m faced with a new question â€Å"What is a nation? According to dictionary reference a nation is â€Å"a large body of people, associated with a particular territory, that is sufficiently conscious of its unity to seek or to possess a government peculiarly its own. † Eric Hobsbawm (1994) viewed the nation as an invented tradition. He argued that in order to understand the concept of nationalism this invented tradition must be explored. Furthermore, she understood that the fundamental part of nationalism is the nation. The perception of nationalism deals with the creation of consciousness of human mind, shared beliefs, popular sovereignty and equality. This then led me to think that nationalism has play role in the Caribbean identity. When discussing the historical background of the Caribbean you should know the difference between individualistic nationalism and collectivism. Before the 19th century, most of the Caribbean islands were colonized by the European Union such as Great Britain, France, Spain and Portugal to a lesser extent. The enslaved individuals of these colonies fought against the whites for improved working conditions among others. This is one of the examples whereby enslaves individuals felt that mental consciousness. Together they saw they needed a better life and so showed resistance. After the emancipation of slavery and countries obtaining their independence the beginning of nationalism has been felt greatly by countries. For example, in my birth country, Trinidad and Tobago, a French Creole, Andrew Arthur Cipriani, , was responsible for the beginning of national consciousness. He was responsible for the formation of the Workingmen’s Association, now called Trinidad Labor Party. The party’s motto â€Å"Agitate, Educate, Confederate† motivated individuals to overthrow the Euro-British Colonialism which appealed to their sovereignty. Now there is a place called Cipriani Boulevard in honour of Andrew Arthur Cipriani contribution in Trinidad and Tobago nationalism. Additionally, many countries migrated to foreign investment for economical stability to maintain their nation shows that this form of modern consciousness has been developed. A contribution of nationalism that is currently growing throughout the Caribbean is loyalty. People are becoming more and more devoted to their individual countries which are seen especially around independence time. For instance, in Grenada most buildings are decorated in their national colours and children are being educated about the history of Grenada. This gives them a sense of who they are as a country. Before, people of various countries would wear their flags in an unmannerly fashion and no one would say anything but now they wear it with pride. This modern form of consciousness also brought about by the political directorate and the trade unions. Individuals such as Dr. Eric Williams of Trinidad and Tobago, T. A. Marryshow of Grenada and Jacob of Guyana are but a few who promoted self-reliance and walking together for the betterment of each other and it played a profound role in Caribbean identity. Some of the things within the Caribbean that contribute to the identity of the Caribbean people are education, sports, CARICOM/ CSME and the CCJ. In education there are areas such as University of the West Indies (UWI) and Caribbean Examination Council (CXC) which contributed to the Caribbean identity and who we are today. In sports there are areas such as cricket. The West Indies cricket whether they are winning or losing is a major factor that influenced Caribbean identity. Dr. Hon Denzil Douglas the Prime Minister and St. Kitt’s and Nevis stated that , the West Indies cricket team removed the Caribbean from the clutches of colonialism and that is the real form of nationalism Nationalism, a modern form of consciousness, has contributed to the motivation of the Caribbean people. For instance, after the abolition of slavery ex-slaves educated themselves to the highest level possible as well as their children because they did not want them to be like them. Many times I questioned why it is my parents are pushing us to attain the highest possible educational level and now after reading and researching for this paper I see the importance of an education. They also were motivated to cease free labour and to acquire better paying jobs so that they can provide for their families. I concur that nationalism played an important role in the shaping of the people of the Caribbean. The Caribbean people rebelled against their oppressions for betterment. Thus, it can be said that nationalism a modern form of consciousness did play apart in the development of Caribbean countries identity.

International Relations Research Paper Complete Guide for International Students

International Relations Research Paper Complete Guide for International Students Writing a research paper in your university life is among requirements for assessment and for graduation. A research paper in international relations may focus on different areas of the multidimensional field and may require you to analyze, discuss, evaluate, persuade, or synthesize content. Irrespective of the objective of your international relations term paper, it is important to master research and writing skills. This guideline provides international relations research paper tips, which come of our writers’ extensive experience. Make sure to follow them and take the most out of them. Selecting a Topic for Your International Relations Research Paper: First-Class Ideas from Our Writers The first and the most challenging aspect of writing your international studies research paper will be selecting an appropriate topic. Your lecturer may assign you a particular research paper topic. If this is the case, you only need to begin gathering ideas surrounding the given topic. On other occasions, you could be provided with several research topics and are expected to select one for your research. Nevertheless, it is equally difficult to select an appropriate topic among the ones provided. Conversely, it is common for professors to provide students with the freedom and flexibility to choose topics that interest them within the international relations field of study. Here are some tips to help you in choosing a topic for your research paper: Select a topic you are interested in to ensure the research paper is informative and relevant. Your interest in a certain topic may be based on a need to explore current issues in international relations, a need to provide a solution to issues affecting nation’s diplomatic and foreign policies, or it could be based on gaps in existing international relations literature. Narrow your ideas to generate a manageable topic. Manageability of a research topic is determined through scope and availability of information in this case: Use limiters to narrow down topics that are too broad. Limiting the topic provides the research paper and the readers with a specific focus. You can limit the topic by geographical regions, periods in the history of international relations, or populations. The topic should not be too broad because the research paper will lose focus. Conduct background research on existing literature on international relations studies to help you choose and limit the scope of your topic. In cases where you fail to develop topic ideas through brainstorming, you can consult your peers, discuss the matter with your professor, or refer to your lecture notes and texts on international relations to refresh your knowledge of the concepts in the area of study. You may also need to think and analyze the who, what, when, where, and why questions that would guide you when formulating an appropriate topic; in this case, you need to answer the following questions: Why did I choose this particular idea and topic? What interests me about it? Do I have an idea and opinion about the issues involved in the topic? What is the topic’s possible relevance to the reader? Who are the information providers on this topic? Do I base the topic on available literature or do I engage human subjects as study respondents? Who does the topic affect? What are the likely major questions for this topic? Is the chosen international relations topic current, controversial or of interest to the intended population? Where is the topic important? Is it at the local community level, national, or international level? Possible topics for your international relations research paper include: Third World Countries and the Politics of Technology Transfer: a Case of Ghana. Prospects and Challenges of Regional Integration in South America. Terrorism and the U.S. Foreign Policy: Challenges and Solutions. The Role of ECOWAS in the Liberian Crisis. The Role of the United Nation in Promoting Gender Equality. Important Pre-Writing Tips for Your International Relations Research Paper Prewriting in research is a term that denotes a range of activities that help you start your writing process. Prewriting is a strategy that helps you develop ideas for your research, and guides you in exploring and organizing your thoughts before drafting your paper. By engaging in the process, you can also determine your research paper’s audience and purpose. Below is a list of some important prewriting activities. Choosing a topic. As indicated above, topic selection, is the first and most important element of a research paper. The selected topic should fall within the international studies field of study and should be manageable and interesting. Ensure that the selected research topic has the potential to add value to existing international relations literature and persuade different stakeholders to adopt certain practices relevant to issues in international relations. Freewriting. In writing, free writing is freedom at its best as it involves jotting down anything and everything that comes into your head. You do not need to pay attention to spelling or grammar. You can begin free writing with or without a topic. Conduct research. Research may occur at every step of your writing process; thus, be ready to engage in different phases of the research. After conducting research geared towards selecting a topic for your paper, you should gather information for content purposes. The research step directly influences your research paper’s content and equips you with a basis for your argument, and evidence to support articulated claims. It is appropriate to research both primary and secondary sources to obtain a diversity of ideas. Note taking. While conducting your research, take note of the important arguments, themes, theories, statistics, and facts documented in your sources. The process ensures you do not miss out on major theories and issues influencing the research topic. Precise and clear notes may provide quotes necessary for providing support to your claims. Clustering. To cluster your ideas into meaningful information, write down major points on a piece of paper. Subsequently, use links to put together matching or related ideas. Clustering helps you to develop themes that focus on your subject matter. Once you are done with clustering, outline why the topic and research are significant, the relevant background material, the thesis and purpose statements, and the organizational plan for major and supporting ideas. Outlining. An outline is a plan that organizes your ideas and researched information. Outlining works best after you are done with brainstorming, note taking, and conducting your research. The outlines can be formal or informal depending on the ideas developed and the research paper requirements. Ensure your outline is hierarchical, beginning with major arguments and proceeding to the supporting claims and evidence that explains a topic or phenomenon. If your research paper requires a formal outline, you may use numbers and lettered headings and subheadings. The numbers and lettered headings show relationships between ideas and facts and can save time by creating a system you can adjust. You can use different types of headings such as: Topic outline; Sentence outline; A reverse outline that is created after writing a first draft; Decimal outline; Rough outline (bullets or numbers). Creating an Appropriate Title and Thesis Statement for Your International Relations Research Paper Research Paper Title A research paper title summarizes the main ideas of your research into a few words. A good research paper title should describe the content and purpose of your research using the fewest words possible. The title should be precise and interesting because it is the first element that draws the readers’ attention and determines whether the reader will be interested in the paper. Therefore, an effective and appropriate research paper title should define purpose in an interesting manner and using few words. The following parameters can be helpful in formulating a suitable title for your research paper: the objective of the research; the scope of the research; the type of research and narrative tone of the study; methods used to study identified issues (quantitative, qualitative, or mixed methods). The following are the basic tips to consider when writing a title for your international relations research paper: Ensure you have a simple, brief, and attractive title. Since the title serves as a summary of the paper’s content, keep it brief and clear. In this regard, avoid unnecessary details and ensure the title only has 10 to 12 words. The word limit serves to ensure the title is not too long or too short. A narrow topic provides limited information that does not respond to the why, how, where, and what questions while a   lengthy title takes the readers’ attention away because it is unfocused. Use appropriate descriptive words. Studies in international relations are broad and use words specific to issues surrounding the topic. Therefore, you should use keywords that define the nature of your research and those used in the research paper. Ensure the terms you use add meaning to your research paper and content. The terms also become the main search elements for the readers. Avoid unknown abbreviations. Unless the abbreviations are well known and common in the international studies field of study, avoid their use. Thus, leave out lesser known terms or abbreviations not familiar to the intended audience. Thesis Statement The thesis statement is a sentence that summarizes your research paper content, provides your argument concerning the discussion topic, and provides readers with a direction of what to expect. In this case, you should formulate a thesis statement that informs your readers about the subject of your paper and the position you will take in the discussion. Remember that a strong thesis statement requires proof, which implies that it is not merely a statement of fact. Therefore, ensure you support your thesis statement with supporting evidence that will interest the readers. The following tips are effective for drafting your thesis statement: Know the topic. It is easier to write a thesis statement if you know the topic and are conversant with its content and concepts. Reflecting on lecture notes and researching will help you acquire more information about your topic. Limit your topic. Based on the information gathered and the required length of your research paper, limit your topic to a specific area. A narrow scope of topic will require a shorter paper while a broad scope will require a longer paper. Brainstorm. Try to discover new ideas or connections and note them down. Try to develop common themes based on the generated ideas. Along with the themes, the chosen topic, and the researched information. You can develop an appropriate thesis statement. To have a good thesis statement, ensure it: Makes a clear, limited, and definite assertion that can be explored and justified using scholarly evidence; Has specific arguments that provide the direction of your paper; Is not too broad for your paper such that it would be impossible to explore every aspect of your claim and that it ensures the scope projected is manageable; Present an argument that can be proven or argued against; Shows your position on the international relations topic and direction of your argument. Structuring Your International Relations Research Paper Unlike an essay or a term paper, an international relations research paper has almost six parts that form a formal structure of the paper. You should ensure your research paper has a title page, abstract, introduction, body, conclusion, and reference section. Each of the sections contains different information and is significant in the research paper. Title Page. The title page contains the title of the paper and is the first element the reader encounters in your research paper. Often, it is written as a stand-alone text own page. However, the title can appear just above the paper’s abstract. Your title page should contain: Title of the research paper; Name(s) of the author(s); Name of the international relations course for which the research was completed; The department in which the research was conducted; Date of submission. The above components may not all be necessary for your paper since some professors prefer customized formats. Observe your assignment’s requirement for the title page before submitting your paper. Abstract. The abstract summarizes the paper by providing the significance of the study, methods used to conduct the research, findings, and their implications. The abstract should be less than 250 words and should indicate the: issues to be investigated; objectives of the research; methods used to gather data and analysis; major research findings; interpretations and implications of the findings. Introduction. The introduction of your research paper should provide readers with background information needed to understand the paper. The significance of the research and objectives should be presented in this section along with a thesis statement. Although the length may vary, the introduction should occupy at least 10% of your research paper. Body. This section is the main part of the research paper and should present your arguments in a systematic and logical manner. Arguments can be presented in paragraphs or can be categorized in themes under subheadings. If the research is investigative, it is ideal to break down the section into further sub-sections such as methodology, findings, analysis, and discussion. Conclusion. This forms the last aspect of your research paper. Ensure your conclusion sums up your major arguments and restates your thesis statement. Post-Writing Tips from Our Writers During the research paper writing process, you may err at any point in grammar, sentences, tense, or paragraph mechanics. These errors affect your overall grade; thus, engage in a review of your research paper to ensure it is free of paragraph, sentence, and word errors. Ensure to reference all the cited sources using appropriate referencing styles. This might be time-consuming, yet rewarding in the end.